ϴ ó Ǵ κ ( 5) ǰԴϴ. 鼭 5 ۿ ϴٿϴ. ǻ ӻ, , л籸 ̾ٴ ̸ ̷ Ÿ Ǯ ؾ ǹ ľ ̷ ãⰡ ۿ ϴ.
* 8ǰ: , , , , ġ, ӻ, λ,
(硱ڰ , л, ǰ翡 忡 ߿.)
* 5
1: ־ + ()
2: ־ + +
3: ־ + +
4: ־ + + +
5: ־ + + +
Ҹ ܿ ߿Ѱ ƴ϶ <<8ǰ 5 屸>> ִ 8ǰ縦 Ѿ ٸ 硱 ༮ Բ ϴ.
1. ־ ִ : + its relatives
־ ִ ù ° Դϴ. 簡 ġϴ ڸ ϴ ༮ ֽϴ. Its relatives ̸ ༮ , , ϴ to Դϴ. ȥ ̴ ܾ ̰ ܾ ̻ 籸(to , 籸) (that ϴ) ֽϴ.
: , , , to , that
2. ִ : ,
簡 Its Relatives մϴ.
beautiful, prettyó ܾ , 翡 ĻǾ ̴ л/źл絵 ֽϴ.
: , , , to , (л/źл)
3. ִ :
Ͽ ۿ ϴ. 硱 ߿ 12 ̹Ƿ go, want ܾ ƴ϶ going, have been going, will go پ 忡 ǥ˴ϴ.
4. ִ
1 մϴ. Its Relatives մϴ.
5.
̹Ƿ 2 մϴ. Ѱ ٸ 5̶ Ư ڸ 硱 to 硱 մϴ. 翪(let, make, have) (hear, see, watch) 䱸ϰ get, order, want to 硱 䱸մϴ.
[Summary]
1. 5 پ ŰҴ 硱Դϴ. 簡 䱸ϴ ٿ ڿ , ϴ.
2. ϰ ǥȭ 1-5 ִ ܾ ƴϴ١ Դϴ. ǹ (phrase) (sentence)̱ ˷帰 ǹ (chunks of meaning) մϴ.
3. 8ǰ ٸ ༮, , λ, ġ, ӻ ٸ /ϴ Ұ ƴմϴ. ̷ 8 ǰ 5 ȿ̶ ʽϴ. ^^*
ڽϴ.
[Example 1]
In the United States, old people who no longer have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living alone.
1) ʼ
־: old people who no long have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities
(): are forced
: to give up living alone
2)
λ: in the United States, often
=> ־ ܾ people. old ϴ ܾ̰.
ڿ who ~ abilities people̶ 縦 ϴ( ϴ) (ǰ: )̰. ־ κ Ǿϴ.
[Example 2]
Doctors have learned that it is grapes that reduce cholesterol.
1) ʼ
־: doctors
(): have learned
: that it is grapes that reduce cholesterol
2) . :)
=> that ̸ ȿ it is grapes that reduce cholesterol (it ~ that ) . that that̰ ° that it ~ that thatԴϴ.
̷ Ѵٸ ǹ ľ ֽϴ. ̷ м д Ͱ ÿ ̷ о մϴ.
̱ ذ ȵǸ ÷ֽø ذ 帮ڽϴ.
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